Jams, jellies and marmlet

With the current controversy about marmalade it is interesting to note that John Galt wrote about "marmlet", the old Scottish word for marmalade in the Ayrshire Legatees which was published in 1821.  His wonderful character, Mrs Pringle, wife of the Rev Dr Zachariah Pringle of Garnock, packed some to take with her on a trip to London.  It was then considered a delicacy.  In Chapter 3, Letter 6,  Mrs Pringle writes from London to her friend Miss Mally Glencairn back in Garnock.  She tells her friend about the supplies she packed before leaving Garnock which she thought would be necessary in London including some muslin because she had heard that London shops –

“get all their fine muslins from Glasgow and Paisley; and in the same bocks [box] with them I packit a small crock of our ain excellent poudered butter, with a delap cheese, for I was told that such commodities are not to be had genuine in London. I likewise had in it a pot of marmlet [marmalade], which Miss Jenny Macbride gave me at Glasgow, assuring me that it was not only dentice [a delicacy], but a curiosity among the English."

18th century recipe for marmalade

Mrs Pringle tends to spell words as she would say them.  However, Mrs Pringle’s careful packing of necessities and delicacies suffered from the journey, as she goes on to describe –

"Howsomever, in the nailing of the bocks, which I did carefully with my oun hands, one of the nails gaed in a-jee, and broke the pot of marmlet, which by the jolting of the ship, ruined the muslin, rottened the peper round the goun, which the shivers cut into more than twenty great holes.  Over and above all, the crock with the butter was, no one can tell how, crackit, and the pickle lecking out and mixing with the seerip of the marmlet, spoilt the cheese.  In short, at the object I beheld when the bocks was opened, I could have ta’en to the greeting; but I behaved with more composity on the occasion than the doctor thought it was in the power of nature to do.”

Galt also refers to the popularity of jams and other preserves in the Annals of the Parish (Chapter 28, Year 1787) when the Rev Michah Balwhidder notes –

“I should not, in my notations, forget to mark a new luxury that got in among the commonality at this time.  By the opening of new roads, and the traffic thereon with carts and carriers, and by our young men that were sailors going to the Clyde and sailing to Jamaica and the West Indies, heaps of sugar and coffee-beans were brought home, while many, among the kail-stocks and cabbages in their yards had planted groset [gooseberry] and berry bushes; which two things happening together, the fashion to make jam and jelly, which hitherto had been only known in the kitchens and confectionaries of the gentry, came to be introduced into the clachan.”

Greenock Harbour

Certainly at that time, Greenock was one of the biggest importer of sugar from the West Indies.  John Galt's father had been the master of a ship trading with Jamaica, so Galt would have been very much aware of the effect such imports had on everyday life.  Along with the regular imports, of course there were other "unregulated" goods, which the Rev Balwhidder goes on to mention -

“All this, however, was not without a plausible pretext; for it was found that jelly was an excellent medicine for a sore throat, and jam a remedy as good as London candy for a cough, or a cold, or a shortness of breath.  I could not, however, say that this gave me so much concern as the smuggling trade, only it occasioned a great fasherie to Mrs Balwhidder; for, in the berry time, there was no end to the borrowing of her brass-pan to make jelly and jam, till Mrs Toddy of the Cross-Keys bought one, which in its turn, came into request, and saved ours.”

One of John Galt's great strengths as a writer is the way he uses ordinary people and households to illustrate the changes that were going on in local society and the wider world.  Marmlet - what a great word!

Galt's books - "the Larger Catechism of the Scottish language"

In John Galt's novel the Annals of the Parish - (p10, Year 1760), Thomas Thorl speaks to the Rev Micha Balwhidder -  

“Come in, sir, and ease yoursel’: this will never do: the clergy are God’s gorbies, and for their Master’s sake it behoves us to respect them.  There was no ane in the whole parish mair against you than mysel’; but this early visitation is a symptom of grace that I couldna have expectit from a bird out of the nest of patronage.”

The language used is everyday speech for Thorl. In the 1895 Blackwoods Edition of the Annals of the Parish, edited by David Storrar Meldrum, the author Samuel Rutherford Crockett (1859-1914) in his introduction, compares Galt's use of language with that of the Bard –

“Practically he [Galt] writes the Scots of Robert Burns.  His vocabulary is not so extensive, his adjectives scantly so trenchant.  He is by no means so “free in his discourse” as the poet.  But they are essentially shoots of the same stem.  They learned, as it were, at one parent’s knee.”

Crockett continues, comparing Galt's use of Scots with that of the Scottish authors Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) and Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) - 

"Galt’s variety of his Scottish tongue is full of fine old grandmotherly words, marrow with pith and sap.  Scott, like Stevenson, wrote his vernacular a little from the heights.  But Galt writes his Scots like one who has been cradled in it, who lisped it in the doorways and cried it to other loons across the street.  He lived among men and women who habitually spoke it.”

Another great example of the speech of Galt's ordinary, everyday folk can be found in The Entail (p120) when the Leddy speaks to Jamie Walkinshaw - 

“Haud your tongue, and dinna terrify folk wi’ ony sic impossibility!” exclaimed the Leddy – “Poor man, he has something else to think o’ at present.  Is no your aunty brought nigh unto the gates o’ death?  Would ye expek him to be thinking o’ marriage settlements and wedding banquets, when death’s so busy in his dwelling?  Ye’re an unfeeling creature, Jamie.  But the army’s the best place for sic graceless getts."

Crockett remarks on Galt's use of Scots - 

“Galt spares no pains to introduce every old and recondite Scots word he knows.  His books are, indeed, the Larger Catechism of the Scottish language, in so far that they are by no means written for those of weaker understanding.”

The language used by Galt in many of his works will be very familiar to a lot of Scottish people.  It makes his characters come to life and become more real - just by the way they use everyday language of their time and place.

Rev Dr Zachariah Pringle and Rumble John

John Galt’s novel, The Ayrshire Legatees (1821) tells the story of the Rev Dr Zachariah Pringle and his family as they visit London to receive a legacy left to them by a relative.  Dr Pringle is minister in the fictional village of Garnock in Ayrshire.  Galt describes Pringle and his preaching style at the beginning of the book -

“The doctor had been for many years the incumbent of Garnock, which is pleasantly situated between Irvine and Kilwinning, and, on account of the benevolence of his disposition, was much beloved by his parishioners.  Some of the pawkie among them used indeed to say, in answer to the godly of Kilmarnock, and other admirers of the late great John Russel of that formerly orthodox town, by whom Dr Pringle’s powers as a preacher were held in no particular estimation, - “He kens our poopit’s frail, and spar’st to save outlay to the heritors”. 

[Pawkie means wily or shrewd in Scots.  In Scotland the church “heritors” were local landowners responsible for the upkeep of the church building.]

So, who was this “late, great John Russel” of Kilmarnock mentioned by Galt?  Fans of the work of Scottish poet Robert Burns might recognise the name from his a few of his works.  He appears as “Black Russell” in The Holy Fair – 

But now the Lord’s ain trumpet touts,

Till a’ the hills are rairin,

And echoes back return the shouts;

Black Russell is na sparin;

His piercing words, like highlan’ swords,

Divide the joints an’ marrow;

His talk o’ Hell, whare devils dwell,

Our vera ‘sauls does harrow’

Wi’ fright that day! 

John Russel was minister of the chapel of ease in Kilmarnock which later became the High Kirk in Kilmarnock.  Russel had been ordained in 1774 and was a strong Calvinist, described as being -

 “of the sternest type, with a visage dark and morose and a tremendous voice; both combining to heighten the effect of his messages of wrath.”

Burns describes Russel's voice in The Twa Herds or The Holy Tulyie [noisy brawl]

“What herd like Russell tell’d his tale?

His voice was heard through muir and dale,

He kenn’d the Lord’s sheep, ilka tail,

O’er a’ the height;

And saw gin they were sick or hale,

At the first sight."

Robert Burns

Russell also gets a mention in Burns’ The Ordination which refers to a controversial essay by Dr William McGill (1732-1807) who was minister at Kilwinning and Ayr and admired by Robert Burns. He appears as Rumble John in another work - The Kirk of Scotland’s Alarm -

Rumble John! Rumble John, mount the steps with a groan,

Cry the book is with heresy cramm’d;

Then out wi’ your ladle, deal brimstone like aidle,

And roar ev’ry note of the damn’d.

Rumble John! And roar ev’ry note of the damn’d.

[Aidle in Scots means dirty water or liquid manure.]

Sabbath-breakers suffered particular from Russel's wrath – 

“on Sunday afternoons, armed with a formidable cudgel, he began his wonted rounds in pursuit of Sabbath-breaking strollers, his appearance in the street was the signal for an instant breaking-up and a disappearing within-doors of gossiping groups.”  

Again Robert Burns mentions Russel  in Epistle to John Goldie, Kilmarnock – John Goldie (1717-1811) was an Ayrshire man and friend of Burns.  Known as “the philosopher”.  He was the author of the controversial The Gospel Recovered From Its Captive State (1786).  Here Burns refers to Russel as “Black Jock”. 

“O Goudie, terror o’ the Whigs,

Dread o’blackcoats and rev’rend wigs!

Sour Bigotry, on her last legs,

Girns an’ looks back,

Wishing the ten Egyptian plagues

Wad seize you quick.

 

Poor gapin, glowrin Superstition!

Wae’s me, she’s in a sad condition;

Fie! Bring Black Jock, her state physician,

To see her water;

Alas, there’s ground o’ great suspicion

She’ll ne’er get better.

What a formidable character Rev John Russel must have been!

On their return from London, Dr Pringle and his family were warmly received by the congregation.  John Galt describes the minister’s reception at church that first Sunday – 

"The moment the  doctor made his appearance, his greeting and salutation was quite delightful; it was that of a father returned to his children, and a king to his people.”

What a lovely description by John Galt of a well-liked man’s return.

John Galt - making the reader his friend

The following is part of a review which appeared in The National Standard, of John Galt’s Stories of the Study published in 1833 -

“For this is one of the great charms of Mr Galt’s works, that he makes his reader his friend; he throws so much of his own shrewd, honest, and kindly character into the pages of his romances, […] that his readers become his friends.  What a multitude of friends must Mr Galt have gained!” 

Stories of the Study is a collection of tales of vary variable type and quality.  Many reviews at the time mention “The Greenwich Pensioner” and included a passage from it with the review.  Of this particular story Galt writes in Literary Life -

“On one occasion I was at Greenwich with two friends from the country; we were taken to see a blind sailor who had reached the antediluvian age of more than fivescore.  […] This old man was literally alone in the world; his patriarchal age, his solitary condition, and the asylum assigned to him, were interesting to the imagination, and, in thinking lately, I threw together the following imaginary narrative.”

Greenwich

Naturally, Galt's home town of Greenock gets a mention in the old mariner's tale - 

"Long ago, when America belonged to England, and we had beat the French in all the four quarters of the globe, the Virginy trade was briskest in the Clyde, and my father, who was an English sailor, went to look for bread at a town called Greenock, in the west of Scotland, where he was told berths were plentiful, and sailors in request.”

Interestingly the review appeared in the National Standard, or to give it its full name - The National Standard of Literature, Science, Music, Theatricals, and the Fine Arts was owned at the time by William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) best known for his novel Vanity Fair, published around 1848 .  Thackeray bought the National Standard in 1833, but it only lasted until 1834 when he ran out of money!

However, the reviewer certainly seemed to have a knowledge of Galt's works and concludes - 

Mr Galt […] seems to suffer and expire with the heroes he depicts, 

and to kindle and melt with his reader.”

There are many more interesting tales in Stories of the Study!

Find out more about the Royal Hospital, Greenwich here.

John Galt's Southannan

Southannan (Galt writes as Southennan) in Ayrshire is a place that seems to have sparked the imagination of John Galt ever since he was a young boy.  Each year in his childhood the Galt family travelled by coach from Irvine to Greenock to visit relatives.  In his Autobiography, published in 1833 John Galt writes –

“I have continued to this day to cherish my early dreams about Southennan, undisturbed by any matter of fact; pausing occasionally in the journeys of my juvenility between Irvine and Greenock, to ponder of strange things amidst the solitude of the ruins.”

He goes on to describe the area – “The situation is lone and picturesque, at the foot of a green mountain, on a little plain spreading to the sea, with a garden extending southwards, which in my imagination is still in blossom as if I saw it in the spring of the year.  I could draw the landscape still, though years and days and sadder thinks have happened to me since I was there.”

Southannan (Southennan) Ayrshire map.

While the name Southannan can still be seen in maps of Ayrshire, the area has changed considerably since John Galt’s day.  Little remains of what must have been the romantic ruins seen by Galt in the early 19^th century.  An idea of what could be seen can be found in “The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland” (1897) by MacGibbon & Ross.  Southannan Castle is described – 

“It has been an extensive structure having had a high enclosing wall, with a courtyard and an arched entrance porch to the west, defended with shot-holes.  There has been a considerable range of dwelling-house accommodation, two stories in height, along the north side, and smaller buildings on the east side, leaving a large courtyard in the centre, now forming the garden of the adjoining farmhouse.”

 In his Autobiography Galt writes -

“The origin of Southennan, is, to myself at least, interesting.  At a short distance on the south side of the village of Fairlie in Ayrshire, stands the ruins of the ancient house of Southennan.  I know nothing whatever of its history, but was told in my boyhood a vague tradition, which had something mysterious about it, and which still lingers in my recollection; namely, that the house belonged to a branch of the ancient noble family of Semple ; that the last inhabitants had been Roman Catholics, who went away into Spain at the period of the Reformation, and that they were never more heard of.”

MacGibbon & Ross write -   “The castle was much enlarged by Robert, fourth Lord Sempill, ambassador to the Court of Spain in 1596.” As Galt says, Southannan did belong to the Semple family, they had been granted the lands in 1504 by James IV.  

The Semples built a chapel dedicated to St Annan (Ennan, or Innan – patron saint of Irvine).  However Southannan fell into disrepair and as the report goes on to explain – “The old mansion was dismantled towards the end of last century, and the materials used in the erection of farm-buildings and dykes.  What remains are chiefly the outer walls to the north of the courtyard and some more ancient looking remnants at the east.” 

Galt also mentions Southannan in his 1821 novel The Ayrshire Legatees in the description of a journey by coach which the Pringle family take from Irvine to Greenock.  In a letter to her friend, Miss Rachel Pringle describes the journey from Kilbride on the road with views of the island of Cumbrae and writes:- “On the other side of the road, we saw the cloistered ruins of the religious house of Southennan, a nunnery in those days of romantic adventure, when to live was to enjoy a poetical element.”

In 1830 Galt published his novel Southennan - the story of a young man of that name and place who visits Edinburgh to witness the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots from France.  In that novel Southennan is described – 

“It was a quadrangular building, with an embattled gateway in the wall, which connected the two wings.  The orchard and garden lay along the south side of the green hills of Fairlie, at the bottom of which it stood, and on which a computable number of the beech and sycamore shook their heads few and far between.  About a score of the meagre and naked ash marked out where an avenue might have been.  On the northern side of the mansion a little sparkling brook ran, whispering from its rimples peace and felicity to the genius of the place.”

Passing these old ruins as a very young child obviously had a profound effect on John Galt.  With his fertile imagination it is easy to see how they led him to speculate and write about them many years later.

A Provost in poor clothing

“I have complained to you before of the shabby appearance of my things.”

This is a quote from a letter John Galt wrote to William Blackwood from London on 18 May 1822.  He was complaining about the quality of the edition of his novel The Provost which had just been issued by Blackwood.

Galt's main concern was the quality of the paper on which the book had been printed and he goes on to tell Blackwood that he is sending part of The Steamboat and makes a suggestion about its printing –

“I hope you will not grudge to give it better paper, for I am mortified to see The Provost in such poor clothing compared with Pen Owen.”

William Blackwood, Publisher

Quite an indignant response from John Galt in comparing the quality of paper of his own novel with that of another novel published by Blackwood the same year – Pen Owen.  Pen Owen is thought to have been written by either James or Theodore Hook, the sons of composer James Hook (1746-1827),  

Blackwood's edition of The Provost by John Galt

Read more about John Galt's novel The Provost and a real life Provost of Irvine here.

(Provost in Scotland is the equivalent of a Mayor.)

Lingo's Wedding - Galt's version

John Galt loved the theatre.  He wrote several works intended for the stage but perhaps the best known was actually a non-starter - he was too afraid of his mother's reaction to have it presented on stage!  It was a version of Lingo's Wedding.  The original Lingo's Wedding (1784), was a follow up to the Agreeable Surprise, a comic opera written by Irish playwright John O’Keffe (1747-1833).  The music for the work was written by composer and organist Samuel Arnold (1740-1802).  The Agreeable Surprise was written in 1781 and was a great success.  Lingo, a Latin teacher and parish clerk, was one of the characters in the comedy.  He was played, with great acclaim by William Henry Moss (1748-1817), actor and theatre manager.

William Henry Moss by John Kay

Galt writes in his Literary Life -

“Moss, so famous in London as Lingo, then an old man, came to Greenock with a company.  I became intimate with him, and being then reading of the prolific Lopez de Vega, wrote a farce in one day for him, exhibiting Lingo as a lover.  It was called Lingo’s Wedding, and he expressed himself much amused with it; but the fear of my mother came over me, and I prevented the performance, interdicting all mention of the subject in the most judicious filial manner.”  (Lope de Vega (1562-1635) was a Spanish playwright and poet.)  

From the Caledonian Mercury, April 1784

William H Moss came to Greenock in 1802 while Galt was still living at home.  At that time theatrical productions were performed at the Assembly Hall at the eastern end of Cathcart Street in Greenock.  

Galt continues to describe his version -

"Part of the original manuscript, since I commenced this work, has been recovered; and without any personal feeling on the subject at all, I do say that, as an effore to excite laughter at the expense of the understanding, it is not entirely a failure.  The character of Lingo seems to have been well preserved; and he has a rival in a Mr Ipsy Dixy, a lawyer, who is conceived with some drollery, and whom he characteristically always speaks of as Manylaws.  The charm of the piece, however, is a Miss Girzy, a Scotch cousin of Dominie Felix, to whom Lingo and the lawyer are paying their addresses.  Lady Grippy in “The Entail”, is a sound and sober personage compared to Miss Girzy.”  (Ipsy Dixy - from the Latin ipse dixit can be translated as a dogmatic or unproven statement.)

While his version of Lingo's Wedding was not produced on stage, Galt later went to to write several other works, some of which made it to various theatres, but with not much success.

Old Quarter Days

One of the interesting details in many of John Galt’s works are the different terms used which signify important times of the year.

Quarter days were important in the past.  Those four days, roughly three months apart, signified when rent was due, when servants were hired, term times and other important occasions.  They were also the days on which ministers stipends would be due. 

Candlemas – 2 February

Whitsunday – 15 May

Lammas – 1 August

Martinmas – 11 November

Originally these were Christian holy days – Candlemas was the feast of the purification.  Whitsunday was the feast of Pentecost, sometimes called White Sunday.  Lammas celebrated the first fruits of the harvest and Martinmas was the feast of St Martin of Tours.

In a letter to published William Blackwood dated June 1822, Galt writes -  

“Owing to the Whitsuntide holidays the printers have been all idle for the greatest part of this week”.

Other words are used for important dates, for example the time around Christmas was termed Yule and Pace was the word for Easter.

In Irvine, where John Galt was born, the feast of Marymass is still celebrated each year in August with a festival and procession.  Marymass was originally a celebration of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (15 August).  After the Reformation it continued in a different form.

The Last of the Lairds

In a letter dated 11 September 1825 written from Eskgrove, John Galt wrote to publisher William Blackwood concerning his latest work The Last of the Lairds.  Mentioning that he would be in Edinburgh that week –

“I think you may announce The Last of the Lairds or the life and opinions of Malachi Mailings Esq of Auldbiggings.  I would not announce it as by the author of The Annals, at least in the first instance …”.

However in October 1825 the following advertisement appeared.  Obviously Blackwood did not think that Galt was correct!

Galt returned to London and continued writing and amending the novel over the next few months.  However in early 1826, his business with the Canada Company meant that he had to leave for North America.  He gave the draft to his good friend David Macbeth Moir to finish for him.  Galt had lived for a while at Eskgrove House near Musselburgh which is probably where he met Moir, a doctor and fellow writer.  The Last of the Lairds with Moir's additions was published in November 1826.   

In Life and Miscellanies Galt writes of the Last of the Lairds –

“I meant it to belong to that series of fictions of manners, of which the Annals of the Parish is the beginning; but owing to some cause, which I no longer remember, instead of an autobiography I was induced to make it a narrative, and in this respect it lost that appearance of truth and nature which is, in my opinion, the great charm of such works.  I have no recollection how this happened, nor what caused me to write it as it is, but the experiment was a very unwise one, and some day I will try to supply what is wanted, namely, the autobiography of one of the last race of lairds.”

In many ways the Last of the Lairds is similar to the Annals of the Parish, showing the changes in a small Scottish community over the years.  The central character, the laird Malachi Mailings lives alone in his old house - 

"The mansion house of Auldbiggings was a multiform aggregate of corners, and gables, and chimneys … no two windows were alike, and several of them, from the first enactment of the duty on light, had been closed up, save where here and there a peering hole with a single pane equivocated with the statute and the tax-gatherer."

As with many Galt’s other works, the reader is introduced to a wonderful range of characters from the grumpy old Laird himself, to his servants and neighbours.  If you haven’t already read this book, then please do.  It is available to read free online.

Dr David Macbeth Moir
Dr David Macbeth Moir was born at Musselburgh in January 1798 and graduated from the University of Edinburgh.  He practiced as a doctor in Musselburgh while writing contributions to Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine where he was known by the name Delta.

He wrote and published a selection of verse and other works including the novel Life of Mansie Wauch, Tailor.  He was travelling in Dumfries when he became unwell and died in 1851.  Each year in January, the Old Musselburgh Club lay a wreath at a statue erected in Moir’s memory in the town in 1853.  The statue was made by sculptor  Alexander Handyside Ritchie (who was also born in Musselburgh). It was paid for by public subscription.  The inscription on the pedestal of the statue reads - "In memory of David Macbeth Moir.  Beloved as a Man, Honoured as a Citizen, Esteemed at a Physician and Celebrated as a Poet.  Born 5th January 1798.  Died 6th July 1851."

The Last of the Lairds on Stage

In the 1990s Scottish playwright Allan Sharpe (1949-2004) produced a work for the stage based on John Galt's The Last of the Lairds.

It certainly seems to have been popular.

John Galt Fountain, Greenock

The John Galt Memorial Fountain can be found on Greenock's scenic Esplanade.  

The fountain was first put in place in 1871 providing drinking water for many of those enjoying a lovely walk along the Esplanade.

In 2015, Galt's head had vanished from the fountain and was replaced by that which can be seen today.  It is the work of sculptor Wayne Darnell.  Fortunately John Galt's new head is still there, but unfortunately something else is now missing.

This rusty square was once the home of a beautiful lion's head.

Photo source - the Greenockian

Hopefully Inverclyde Council will repair the damage in the near future.

Elizabeth Gaskell - John Galt knew her father!

In John Galt’s Autobiography (Volume 1) he mentions his friend Mr Stevenson.  Galt writes - 

“Many years after, my friend Mr Stevenson, the brother in law of Mr Holland, compiled a work about voyages and travels, I forget the name of it, but I expected he would have noticed the Statistical Account of Sicily, not because it was mine, but because it was truly valuable.”

Here Galt is probably referring to William Stevenson’s work – Historical Sketch of the Progress of Discovery, Navigation and Commerce published in 1824 and seems a bit annoyed that his own work Voyages & Travels published in 1812 was ignored.  Galt continues -

"But he [Stevenson] said nothing of it; not, however, being a man of practical ideas, although I noticed to him the omission it did not surprise me, for I had long before observed that bookish men are not very good appraisers of facts; they have no adequate conception of the cost and care which such compilations require.”

Quite a put down!

William Stevenson (1772-1829) is perhaps best known as the father of Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson, the novelist Elizabeth Gaskell.  Stevenson was born at Berwick upon Tweed and had a variety of careers including tutor, farmer at Saughton, and boarding house keeper in Edinburgh before moving to London, where he  obtained a government post at the Treasury.  He also wrote for various publications including Blackwoods in Edinburgh and for a while was editor of the Scots Magazine.  In 1797 he married Eliza Holland, and had two children.  Eliza died in 1811 and he married Catherine Thomson, sister of Dr Anthony Todd Thomson, a great friend of John Galt..

“Mr Holland” mentioned by Galt was Swinton Holland, a partner in the Barings Bank.  He had been in business in Trieste and Malta and had built up a considerable fortune.  He died in London in December 1827.

Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson (1810-1865) married Rev William Gaskell in 1832.  She is the author of many well loved works including Mary Barton and Cranford.

Elizabeth’s middle name, Cleghorn was possibly given in memory of Robert Cleghorn, farmer at Saughton Mills.  This farm was tenanted by her father, William Stevenson after Cleghorn’s death in 1797.  Robert Cleghorn was a friend of Scottish poet Robert Burns.  There is a very interesting article on Robert Cleghorn, Robert Burns, Saughton Mills and the Stevenson family here.