30 October 2025

John Galt and the Duke of York's mistress

In his Autobiography (Vol 1) John Galt spends a whole chapter describing how, in 1813, he received a visit from a “the famous Mrs Clarke” who had an interesting proposition for him.  Explaining that she had obtained his address from his publisher, Thomas Cadell, she told Galt that she wished him to visit her at her home which Galt says, was either just off Baker Street or Gloucester Placein London.  She also advised Galt that –

“she was surprised to see me so young a man, and so dressed, for she understood I was an old Scotch clergyman.”!

Mary Anne Clarke

On the following Sunday, Galt duly visited Mrs Clarke to discover just what she wanted from him.

Mrs Clarke was the famous Mary Anne Clarke, former mistress of Frederick, Duke of York, second son of George III.  

Frederick Duke of York

John Galt goes on to describe her -

“She had certainly no pretentions whatever to beauty, though there was a life and intellectuality in her eyes sparklingly agreeable.  She dressed with what I would call much taste, remarkably neat, plain, and clean; and generally with a bared head.  Her hair was almost black.  She possessed great powers of conversation, was often witty, and suddenly surprised you with flashed of shrewdness seldom seen in woman.  Her mind was decidedly masculine, and she read books of what may be called the male kind.  But if was not by knowledge that she made herself agreeable.  On the contrary, her general conversation had very few literary allusions; her great forte lay in the discernment of character.”

Mary Anne Clarke

On his visit John Galt soon found out why she had contacted him as she - had been advised to consult me about a publication of her life.  He decided that he woulduse all my address to get possession of her secrets”.

Knowing that Clarke was in need of money, he admits that he “could give her no advice, unless she allowed me to see all her papers.  She consented; and laying an armful on the table, left me to peruse them.”

Mary Anne Clarke (1776-1852) had become the mistress of the Duke of York in 1803.  In 1809 she was accused of selling army commissions with the Duke's knowledge.  There was a parliamentary enquiry into the scandal and she was questioned before parliament.  The Duke (of course) was eventually cleared of any wrongdoing, but he resigned from his official post as Commander of the British Army (although he was later reinstated).  He paid off Mary Anne and she was forced to sell up and leave London.  In need of funds, she returned in 1813 with a view to publishing the Duke's letters to her.  That is why she had consulted John Galt.

After six hours perusing the material Mary Anne had made available to him, John Galt had decided that they were unfit for publication.  Galt explained to Mrs Clarke that -

“the publication she intended was disreputable, and that her best way, as she had too much in her power, was to try if she could get the money she wanted by hook or crook from the Duke of York, for the publication must not go on”. 

She and Galt then had an interesting conversation in which she told him some amusing anecdotes about some of the interesting people she had been connected with.

Later in 1813, Mary Anne Clarke was tried for libel against William Vesey-FitzGerald who had been instrumental in giving evidence against her with regard to selling army commissions.  She was found guilty of libel and imprisoned for nine months.  On her release she went to live abroad.


There is an excellent book about the fascinating life and adventures of Mary Anne Clarke entitled Mary Anne by Daphne du Maurier who was Mary Anne's great-great-grandaughter.

Mary Anne herself wrote several works, including a Memoir, The Authentic and Impartial Life of Mrs Mary Anne Clarke,  published in 1809 (available to read online).